ACEM Fellowship interactive diagrams

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Aetiology and pathophysiology of: congestive cardiac failure, valvular disorders, disorders of the myocardium, disorders of the pericardium (including pericarditis, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade), cardiogeni…

Cardiac action potential — Pathophysiology of arrhythmia, including: bradycardias (sinus bradycardia, heart block), tachycardias (narrow complex regular, narrow complex irregular, wide complex regular, wide complex irregular, torsade des pointes, …

Cerebral autoregulation (CBF vs MAP / PaCO₂ / PaO₂) + Monro-Kellie intracranial volume + ICP curve — Aetiology and pathophysiology of neurosurgical presentations, including intracranial aneurysms, AV malformations, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral tumours, shunt complications, elevated intracranial pressure, intervert…

Dose-response curves — Aetiology and pathophysiology of exposure syndromes of chemical, biological and radiological agents, with specific regard to dose-response relationships, factors affecting toxicity and latency.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis + Glucose homeostasis — Aetiology and pathophysiology of the endocrine system, including: disorders of glucose metabolism, alcoholic ketoacidosis, adrenal disorders, thyroid disorders, pituitary disorders.

Glucose homeostasis — ED diagnosis and stepwise management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis: precipitants (infection, non-compliance, SGLT2-associated euglycaemic DKA), diagnostic criteria (pH < 7.3, HCO3 < 15, ketones), fluid resuscitation str…

Glucose homeostasis — ED recognition and management of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), including distinction from DKA, calculated effective osmolality, slower fluid replacement, lower insulin requirements, prophylactic anticoagulatio…

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis — Diagnosis and ED treatment of adrenal crisis, including primary vs secondary causes, presentation with shock and hyponatraemia, immediate hydrocortisone 100 mg IV stat then 50 mg q6h, fluid resuscitation with normal sali…

Glucose homeostasis — ED management of severe hypoglycaemia in adults, including IV 10% dextrose dosing, IM glucagon when no access, sulfonylurea-related prolonged hypoglycaemia with octreotide, malicious insulin (factitious) work-up with C-p…

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Diagnosis and ED management of acute hypopituitarism (including pituitary apoplexy), recognition of headache, visual field defect, ophthalmoplegia and adrenal insufficiency, urgent MRI/CT pituitary, immediate hydrocortis…

Coagulation cascade — Aetiology and pathophysiology of the haematological system, including: anaemia, abnormal haemoglobins, disorders of haemostasis and coagulation, neutropenia, platelet disorders, haematological malignancy.

Acute kidney injury staging — Diagnosis and emergency management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), including the pentad of MAHA, thrombocytopenia, neurology, renal failure and fever, PLASMIC score, AD…

Coagulation cascade — ED diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation, including ISTH overt-DIC score, common triggers (sepsis, trauma, obstetric, malignancy), interpretation of coagulation profile, treatment of the underlying cause, j…

Iron homeostasis — Structured ED work-up of severe anaemia, including history of bleeding, haemolysis screen (LDH, haptoglobin, bilirubin, blood film), iron studies, transfusion threshold (Hb 70 g/L vs higher in cardiac disease), and indic…

Acute kidney injury staging — Aetiology and pathophysiology of renal presentations, including pyuria, infectious disorders, acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, hyperkalaemia in renal failure, complications of renal dialysis, haemolytic uremic…

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Complications of pregnancy, including: hyperemesis gravidarum, miscarriage, septic abortion, ectopic pregnancy, HELLP syndrome, first trimester bleeding, antenatal haemorrhage (placental abruption, placenta praevia, vasa…

Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Principles of arterial and venous blood gas analysis, including alveolar gas equation and A-a gradient.